They are defined in input forms as names of fields. Example:
<form method=post action="URL"> Name: <input type=text name=name><br> Age: <input type=text name=age><br> Sex: <input type=radio name=sex value=m> Male <input type=radio name=sex value=f> Female<br> Address: <input type=text name=address><br> <input type=submit value="Submit"> </form>Keys from this form are: name, age, sex and address.